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青铜器 | 你真的会区分铜鼎和铜鬲吗？
青铜器 | 你真的会区分铜鼎和铜鬲吗？
Bronze ware | Do you really know the difference between a bronze tripod and a bronze jaw?
事实上，这两种让人无法肯定判断的器形是分别是青铜分裆鼎（又称鬲鼎）和青铜分裆鬲。而想要弄明白什么是鬲鼎和分裆鬲，我们需要补充一点类型学知识。
In fact, the two shapes that make people uncertain are bronze dividing tripod (also known as tripod) and bronze dividing tripod. We need to add a little typological knowledge in order to understand what tripod and dividing are.
什么是类型学？类型学又称“标型学”，是近代考古学的基本理论和方法之一。类型学以地层学为基础，大致是将层位关系明确的遗存，按地层顺序分类排队，然后确定标准形制，分型定式，分析形制发展的逻辑序列，总结其演变规律。
What is typology? Typology, also known as typology, is one of the basic theories and methods of modern archaeology. Typology is based on stratigraphy, which roughly classifies and queues the relics with clear horizon relationship according to the sequence of strata, then determines the standard formations, types and formulas, analyses the logical sequence of formational development, and summarizes its evolution law.
在考古学上，对出土器物的类型学分析，通常是“把式规定为只表示先后的直系关系 ，把类和型主要视为平行（左右）的旁系关系，或原生与次生（派生）的关系。”用贾洪波老师在课堂上的话来解释就是，“式与式之间是量变的关系，类与类、型与型之间是质变的关系”。
In archaeology, typological analysis of unearthed artifacts is usually "prescribing formulas as direct relations only indicating succession, and treating classes and types as parallel (left and right) collateral relations, or primary and secondary (derivative) relations". In the words of Mr. Jia Hongbo in class, it is explained that "the relationship between type and form is quantitative change, and the relationship between type and type, type and type is qualitative change".
青铜鬲虽然沿用时间很长，但是器形变化不快，类别分化也不多。朱凤瀚先生以裆部为划分标准，将青铜鬲分为分裆鬲、联裆鬲两种。下面是以裆部为划分标准对铜鬲进行的一个不完整的型式分类（左右拖动查看）：
Bronze pelts have been used for a long time, but the shape of the bronze pelts is not changed quickly and the classification is not very different. Mr. Zhu Fenghan divides bronze pelts into two types: pelts and couplets according to the standard of pelts. Following is an incomplete type classification of the bronze chin based on the crotch division criteria (drag left and right to see):
Bronze ware | Do you really know the difference between a bronze tripod and a bronze jaw?
事实上，这两种让人无法肯定判断的器形是分别是青铜分裆鼎（又称鬲鼎）和青铜分裆鬲。而想要弄明白什么是鬲鼎和分裆鬲，我们需要补充一点类型学知识。
In fact, the two shapes that make people uncertain are bronze dividing tripod (also known as tripod) and bronze dividing tripod. We need to add a little typological knowledge in order to understand what tripod and dividing are.
什么是类型学？类型学又称“标型学”，是近代考古学的基本理论和方法之一。类型学以地层学为基础，大致是将层位关系明确的遗存，按地层顺序分类排队，然后确定标准形制，分型定式，分析形制发展的逻辑序列，总结其演变规律。
What is typology? Typology, also known as typology, is one of the basic theories and methods of modern archaeology. Typology is based on stratigraphy, which roughly classifies and queues the relics with clear horizon relationship according to the sequence of strata, then determines the standard formations, types and formulas, analyses the logical sequence of formational development, and summarizes its evolution law.
在考古学上，对出土器物的类型学分析，通常是“把式规定为只表示先后的直系关系 ，把类和型主要视为平行（左右）的旁系关系，或原生与次生（派生）的关系。”用贾洪波老师在课堂上的话来解释就是，“式与式之间是量变的关系，类与类、型与型之间是质变的关系”。
In archaeology, typological analysis of unearthed artifacts is usually "prescribing formulas as direct relations only indicating succession, and treating classes and types as parallel (left and right) collateral relations, or primary and secondary (derivative) relations". In the words of Mr. Jia Hongbo in class, it is explained that "the relationship between type and form is quantitative change, and the relationship between type and type, type and type is qualitative change".
青铜鬲虽然沿用时间很长，但是器形变化不快，类别分化也不多。朱凤瀚先生以裆部为划分标准，将青铜鬲分为分裆鬲、联裆鬲两种。下面是以裆部为划分标准对铜鬲进行的一个不完整的型式分类（左右拖动查看）：
Bronze pelts have been used for a long time, but the shape of the bronze pelts is not changed quickly and the classification is not very different. Mr. Zhu Fenghan divides bronze pelts into two types: pelts and couplets according to the standard of pelts. Following is an incomplete type classification of the bronze chin based on the crotch division criteria (drag left and right to see):
